The main focus of the phonics instructions vs. whole language is that in the United States and many other countries use mainly the whole language instruction. The teachers are teaching mostly whole language instruction meaning that the child just follows along with the teachers and memorizes the sound of the word as a whole, instead of breaking down the sound of each letter. One of the controversies is that teaching phonics is boring and very repetitive to the students but with whole language the students is compelled to enjoy reading more because of the story that they read. At the same time both instruction are repetitive but one thing is what a child will do when they approach a word that is unfamiliar.
Emergent literacy is the beginning steps to become ready for conversations. The early signs of this process are when the child begins to babble or coos showing that they are trying to begin the conversation process. Emergent literacy involves speaking, writing, listening and reading. A generation ago parents were told by teachers that they need for the child to show signs of reading readiness before they begin to read to them, but today the parents are told to read to them from the moment that they are born so that when they start school they are ready or ahead in school.
Now looking at emergent literacy vs. reading readiness conversation the difference is that one is the beginning process while the other is when the child is ready for conversations. Comparing that to the whole language what I think is that parents if they read to their child for birth they would be already exposed to words as a whole so when they begin school they are able to be phonics to actually be able to break down the sound of each letter. The important part is that the child needs the support of both parents and teachers to be literate.
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